The term “voluntary depigmentation”, used since the 1960s, refers to people trying to lighten their skin color when it is healthy. The techniques used are often dangerous for the health of the skin and for health in general, which explains the importance of the subject for dermatologists.
Bleaching Cream
Having lighter skin is still valued aesthetically and socially in many cultures. Voluntary depigmentation also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching is universal and is practiced by people with darker and lighter skin on all continents. Both sexes are represented, although the predominance of women varies from region to region.
Dermocorticoids
All over the world, various products are used to brighten the skin at all costs. The first category is dermocorticoids, misused beyond their intended medical application. Complications associated with corticosteroid treatment occur after a variable time, depending on the individual. They can include hypertension, diabetes, infections, bone complications with osteoporosis, eye complications with the risk of cataracts, etc…
Hydroquinone
The second type of product used for voluntary depigmentation is hydroquinone derivatives. “Hydroquinone can cause various side effects, from simple irritation to eczema or exogenous ochrosis (blue-black pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes).
Toxic Substances (Mercury)
The third category of depigmenting products includes heavy metals such as mercury. The severity of mercury poisoning varies depending on the individual and the amount of mercury used. In some cases, it can cause severe central or peripheral neurological symptoms. In fact, in a recent case, the child of a woman who used mercury-based depigmentation products suffered serious neurological problems. Nephrotic syndromes associated with these mercury-based products have also been described.
Household products
The fourth category of substances used for skin whitening is household products such as dishwashing detergent, toothpaste, hair straighteners, and even battery acid or cement… This practice can cause serious side effects, especially burns, which are sometimes associated with serious infections.
Safer alternatives
The fifth category of products used to brighten the skin is made up of less effective but safer cosmetics used legally and available in pharmacies. These are usually based on vitamin C, topical retinoids, niacinamide, alpha-hydroxy acids, etc. They are often more expensive and have a less depigmenting effect than illegal products.
Final Thoughts
The practice of voluntary depigmentation, while culturally and socially significant, raises critical health concerns. The array of products used, from medical-grade dermocorticoids to household items, poses diverse risks, including serious skin conditions and systemic health issues. This reality calls for heightened public awareness and stricter regulatory measures to safeguard health. Educating on safer alternatives and promoting a broader acceptance of natural skin tones is essential in mitigating these risks and fostering a healthier approach to beauty and self-image.
References
NHS. (n.d.). Skin lightening. Retrieved November 11, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cosmetic-procedures/non-surgical-cosmetic-procedures/skin-lightening/
American Academy of Dermatology. (2021, April 23). Board-certified dermatologist warns consumers about the dangers of skin bleaching to achieve a lighter complexion. Retrieved November 11, 2023, from https://www.aad.org/news/dangers-skin-bleaching-to-achieve-lighter-complexion
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